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Underline Science Inc. · March 14, 2026

Tokenisation of Turkic Copula Constructions in Universal Dependencies

Association for Computational Linguistics 2026, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Çağrı Çöltekin, Gulnura Kabylbekovna Dzhumalieva, Soudabeh Eslami

Abstract

Identifying units, ’syntactic words’, for morphosyntactic analysis is important yet challenging for morphologically rich languages. In this paper we propose a set of guiding principles to determine units of morphosyntactic analysis, and apply them to the case of copular constructions in Turkic languages, in the context of Universal Dependencies (UD) framework. We also provide a survey of the practice in the Turkic UD treebanks published to date, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tokenisation for a selection of Turkic languages.

Natural Language Processing TechniquesSyntax, Semantics, Linguistic VariationTurkic and Altaic Linguisticstokenizationcopula constructionTurkic languages

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