Talk · International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering · September 17, 2025
The Annotation of Turkic Copula Verbs in UD
Aida Kasieva, Nikolett Mus, Arofat Akhundjanova, Furkan Akkurt, Bermet Chontaeva, Gulnura Kabylbekovna Dzhumalieva
Abstract
This paper addresses the syntactic annotation of the verbs ER and BOL in copular constructions in Turkic-language treebanks in Universal Dependencies. ER is a defective verb, which has semantically empty content linking subjects to non-verbal predicates. BOL is a full verb with copula and semi-copula uses. The paper proposes a refined annotation strategy that treats ER consistently as an auxiliary copula and BOL variably as either an auxiliary copula or a lexical verb, depending on its semantic contribution in context. The aim of this proposal is to improve the consistency and cross-linguistic comparability of Turkic language annotations in UD.
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