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Article · International Journal of Innovation Studies · October 1, 2026

Why Users Stay: Bridging Adoption and Continuance in Bitcoin Use through a Mixed-Methods Approach

Francisco José Liébana-Cabanillas, Мутанов Галимкаир Мутанович, Aijaz Ahmed Shaikh, Olga Ussatova, Yerlan Kistaubayev, Vladislav Karyukin

Dr. Aijaz A. Shaikh
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Abstract

This study examines how blockchain attributes, individual factors, and institutional conditions shape users’ intention to adopt Bitcoin and influence post-adoption outcomes. We followed a mixed-methods approach and collected the data from January–July 2025. The qualitative phase included in-depth semi-structured interviews with experienced Bitcoin users and a thematic analysis to identify key motivations and barriers to adoption. The quantitative phase included a pre-tested survey, and 268 Bitcoin users responded. We used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the conceptual model. Major findings suggest that blockchain transparency, information security, relative advantage, and financial self-sufficiency significantly and positively affect the intention to adopt Bitcoin, whereas government support policy has a negative influence. Additionally, adoption intention strongly predicts post-adoption satisfaction, willingness to use, and perceived system quality. By integrating pre-adoption and post-adoption determinants grounded in expectation-confirmation theory (ECT), this research offers a more comprehensive understanding of Bitcoin user behavior. From a practical perspective, the results provide valuable insights for policymakers, developers, and financial service providers seeking to enhance user trust and promote responsible adoption and long-term usage.

Technology Adoption and User BehaviourBlockchain Technology Applications and SecurityHealth, Technology, Consumer BehaviorBitcoin adoptioncontinuance intentionblockchain transparency

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