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Book chapter · CRC Press eBooks · March 12, 2026

The experience of geotechnical constructions and testing of piling foundations of megastructures on problematical soil ground of Kazakhstan

Askar Zhussupbekov, Abdulla R. Omarov

Askar Zhussupbekov
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Abstract

Currently, in the city of Astana, the construction of a Light Rail Transit (LRT) system is underway. This LRT project involves the development of an elevated dual-track railway line. The first phase includes the construction of a 22.4 km long overhead bridge with 18 stations. The foundation of the bridge consists of bored piles with diameters ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 meters and lengths between 8 and 35 meters. Ensuring the integrity of these deep foundations is of critical importance. Two non-destructive methods are commonly employed for quality control: the Low Strain Integrity Test (LSIT) and Cross-Hole Sonic Logging (CSL). This paper aims to analyze the advantages and limitations of both methods, using real-case applications from the construction of the LRT and other major infrastructure projects in Astana. The study includes the results of load testing on large-diameter bored piles, particularly those used in the Expo 2017 development. Static pile load testing remains the most reliable method to evaluate the load-settlement behavior of foundation piles. Test results from three different methods—Static Compression Load Test (ASTM), Static Load Test (GOST), and O-Cell Test (ASTM)—are presented and compared. The paper highlights the experience gained from applying these methods on piles with diameters of 1000 mm and depths of 31.5 m under challenging soil conditions. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are proposed for pile testing methods suitable for geotechnical conditions in Kazakhstan.

Geotechnical Engineering and Soil MechanicsCivil and Structural Engineering ResearchGeotechnical Engineering and Underground Structuresbored pilespile foundationsstatic load test

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