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Article · Water · March 16, 2026

Physicochemical and Ecotoxicological Characterization of Therapeutic Sulfide–Silt Peloids from Lake Maly Akkol

Jay Sagin, Kalamkas Koshpanova, Azamat Serek, Ualikhan Sadyk, Raushan Amanzholova, Zhuldyzbek Onglassynov

Azamat Serek
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Abstract

The sustainable management of balneological resources is vital for the development of eco-friendly health tourism and regional economic stability. This study presents a comprehensive physicochemical and eco-toxicological characterization of the therapeutic peloids (mud) from Lake Maly Akkol, which is located in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. Utilizing an integrated approach of laboratory analysis and Python-based statistical modeling, we evaluated the resource’s clinical potential and environmental safety. The results identify the deposit as a high-quality sulfide–silt peloid with a mean humidity of 66.91% (95% CI: [65.21, 68.60]) and a mineralization level of 11.21 g/dm3 (95% CI: [10.84, 11.57]). Statistical validation using one-sample t-tests confirmed that critical therapeutic indicators, including shear strength (μ = 2593.72 dyne/cm2) and total sulfide content (μ = 0.079%), are significantly aligned with international balneological standards (p < 0.05). Eco-toxicological screening for heavy metals revealed that Lead (37.03 mg/kg) and Cadmium (0.06 mg/kg) remain well below safety thresholds, ensuring the resource’s “clean” environmental profile. These findings establish a statistically robust “Digital Quality Passport” for the Lake Maly Akkol deposit, providing the scientific foundation necessary for its sustainable industrial utilization and long-term ecological preservation.

Therapeutic Uses of Natural ElementsEnvironmental and Analytical Chemistry StudiesWater Quality and Resources Studiesbalneologybalneological resourcesheavy metals

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