Optical and Spectral Characteristics of Semi-Transparent PV Panels from Conventional Solar Cells

Abstract

Semi-transparent photovoltaic technologies have gained attention as a potential dual land use solution in greenhouses due to the growing demand for sustainable agriculture and the integration of renewable energy sources. The optical transmittance and spectrum behavior of semitransparent solar panels made with traditional monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells are examined in this work. Because of its excellent transmittance properties, a multilayer design of Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulated between two tempered glass layers was chosen. Spectrophotometric study showed that damaging ultraviolet (UV) light below 300 nm was successfully blocked, whereas transmittance levels of 85–95% were found within the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range (400–700 nm). Using optical modeling and actual data, a thorough geometrical optimization of the light-transmitting area of the panel including trapezoidal microstructures was carried out. According to the findings, a trapezoidal base width of 0.394 mm and a refractive angle of almost 30.2° result in a structural density of almost one light-guiding element per millimeter, maximizing light diffusion and reducing shadow effects. High optical performance, structural stability, and greenhouse application compatibility are demonstrated by the Semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) panel, which maintains energy generation capacity while supplying ideal microclimatic conditions.

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