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Article · IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing · October 1, 2025

GraphMamba: Graph Tokenization Mamba for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Muhammad Imran Ahmad, Manuel Mazzara, Salvatore Distefano, Adil Khan, Muhammad Hassaan Farooq Butt, Muhammad Usama

Manuel Mazzara
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Abstract

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification plays a pivotal role in domains such as environmental monitoring, agriculture, and urban planning. Traditional methods, including conventional machine learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), often struggle to effectively capture intricate spectral-spatial features and global contextual information. Transformer-based models, while powerful in capturing long-range dependencies, often demand substantial computational resources, posing challenges in scenarios where labeled datasets are limited, as in HSI applications. To overcome such challenges, this work proposes GraphMamba, a hybrid model that combines spectral-spatial token generation, graph-based token prioritization, and cross-attention mechanisms. The model introduces a novel hybridization of state-space modeling and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), capturing both linear and nonlinear spatial-spectral dynamics. This approach enhances the ability to model complex spatial-spectral relationships while maintaining scalability and computational efficiency across diverse HSI datasets. Through comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate that GraphMamba outperforms existing state-of-the-art models, offering a scalable and robust solution for complex HSI classification tasks.

Remote-Sensing Image ClassificationAdvanced Neural Network ApplicationsAdvanced Image Fusion Techniqueshyperspectral image classificationMambagated recurrent unit

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