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Article · Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks · December 25, 2025

Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes: Architectures, Signal Processing, Error Compensation, and Emerging Trends

Yerlan Tashtay, Нуржигит Смайлов, Daulet Naubetov, Akezhan Sabibolda, Yerzhan Nussupov, Nurzhamal Kashkimbayeva

Nurzhamal Kashkimbayeva
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Abstract

Fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) have become one of the most important elements of modern inertial navigation systems due to their high accuracy, reliability, and independence from external signals such as satellite navigation. This review analyzes and discusses the key FOG architectures: interferometric (IFOG), resonant (RFOG), digital (DFOG), and hybrid (HFOG). The concepts of their functioning, structural features, and the main advantages and limitations of each architecture are examined. Particular focus is placed on advanced signal-processing and error-compensation algorithms, including filtering techniques, noise suppression, mitigation of thermal and mechanical drifts, and emerging machine learning (ML) based approaches. The analysis of these architectures is carried out in terms of major parameters that determine accuracy, robustness, and miniaturization potential. Various applications of FOGs in space systems, ground platforms, marine and underwater navigation, aviation, and scientific research are also being considered. Finally, the latest development trends are summarized, with a particular focus on miniaturization, integration with additional sensors, and the introduction of digital and AI-driven solutions, aimed at achieving higher accuracy, long-term stability, and resilience to real-world disturbances.

Inertial Sensor and NavigationAdvanced Fiber Optic SensorsAdvanced Control and Stabilization in Aerospace Systemsfiber optic gyroscopeinertial navigation systeminterferometric fiber optic gyroscope

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